资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
全面推进乡村振兴需处理好三对关系****** 作者:于家明(北京市委党校第23期局级研修班学员) 全面推进乡村振兴,是中国式现代化的重要内容。巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,全面推进乡村振兴,必须坚持系统观念,强化辩证思维,遵循乡村自身发展规律,在乡村发展、建设与治理中处理好效率与效益、有形与无形、硬件与软件的关系,稳步推动乡村振兴“提档升级”。 在乡村发展中兼顾效率与效益的关系。效率指向数量和速度,效益保证质量和安全。推动乡村高质量发展,要提高效率,更要提增效益,切忌随意搬用效率至上的衡量标准,轻易套用其他领域的发展模式,甚至简单挪用其他国家的发展经验,而应兼顾效率与效益,既要坚定改革决心,也要保持历史耐心,确保乡村发展稳中求进、循序渐进、持续推进。一是蹄疾步稳地推进城镇化。只有处理好城乡关系,才能切实推动城乡二元结构调整、促进城乡融合发展。这既需要顺应农民进城务工和农业转移人口市民化的趋势,也要处理好进城农民的定居、就业等问题,让农民在城乡之间可进可退,避免因为过度追求城镇化速度而造成的风险矛盾和社会动荡。二是完善乡村产业利益联结机制。既要鼓励工商资本和社会资本下乡,拓展乡村产业的市场空间,也要设立必要的“防火墙”,真正通过利益联结机制的设计和落地,尽可能地让农民参与到产业链条中,合理分享产业增值收益,实现外来资本和乡村发展的共赢。三是把握好农业生产规模经营的尺度。一方面,要着力于改变分散、粗放的传统农业经营方式,通过推动规模化生产、科学化管理、精细化运营,加大农业现代化的前进步伐;另一方面,要着力避免片面追求大干快上的倾向,坚决防止越过农村基本经营制度和土地承包关系的底线,坚决防止违背农民意愿、片面追求生产要素的集中和农业规模化经营,秉持实事求是、循序渐进的原则,尊重农民的选择权,引导和帮助农民选用最符合自身利益的农业生产方式。四是始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦。粮食安全是“国之大者”,在这个问题上要算经济账,更要算政治账。如果只停留于一般的成本计算和交易互换,或是只着眼于农业生产总量而忽视结构性的缺失,就难以保证中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手上。所以,主产区、主销区、产销平衡区都要树立保面积、保产量的责任意识,只有饭碗一起端、责任一起扛,才能将粮食安全的主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。 在乡村建设中协同有形与无形的关系。与城市相比,乡村在功能定位、空间形态、生活方式等方面有着显著不同,要时刻牢记乡村建设是为农民而建,始终遵循立足农村实际、体现乡土特点、符合农民意愿的基本原则。一是坚持规划先行,做到分类施策。要在充分掌握乡村的历史渊源、民俗文化、现实状况、农民呼声等信息的基础上,合理确定村庄建设规划,是立即启动建设还是深入研究论证,是原址建设、村庄合并还是异地发展,都要因地制宜、具体情况具体分析。二是注重风貌保护,彰显乡村特色。要保护好乡村的传统景观、特色风貌和文化根脉,尤其要保护好乡村的生态环境,增强乡村的生态涵养功能,打造现代版“富春山居图”,让乡村成为“看得见山、望得见水、记得住乡愁”的地方。三是推动机制创新,挖掘生态价值。在“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念指引下,在政府多年来持续开展的农村地区基础设施建设的加持下,如何让生态化的空间资源成为一种生产资料和发展要素,激活大量沉淀的实体资产,为乡村建设赋予更多的开发价值,迫切需要在非标准化的产权界定、资源定价、市场交易等方面加大机制创新力度,更好为深化农村要素市场改革、推动农村空间资源生态化开发、让农民获取更加多元和长期的财产性收入创造条件。 在乡村治理中融合硬件与软件的关系。当前,乡村既保留着农业社会形成的原子化、慢节奏、自循环的传统生活方式,也经历着工业社会和后工业社会塑造的组织化、快节奏、交互性的现代生活方式的冲击。因此,推动实现农业农村现代化,既包括硬件意义上物质层面的现代化,也包括软件意义上精神层面的现代化。一是要在公共资源配置上体现农业农村优先。要进一步加大农村公共基础设施建设力度,进一步推动教育、卫生等公共服务下乡,并加快城乡基础设施互联互通、共建共享,加快基本公共服务全民普惠、城乡一体。二是加强农村基层组织建设。“给钱给物,不如有个好支部”,农村基层党组织和干部队伍是实现乡村善治的“关键少数”。要突出抓基层、强基础、固基本的工作导向,为基层赋权增能、下沉资源,创造更好的干事创业条件;要锻造一支懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的农村基层干部队伍,并大力吸引各类人才在乡村的广阔天地中建功立业,让党的“三农”工作决策部署切实转化为农民看得见、摸得着、有获得感的具体成效。三是建立健全符合农村基层实际的治理体系和治理方式。乡村与城市有着不同的治理逻辑,要立足于农村依然存在的“熟人社会”特点,警惕项目工程思维和政府体制运作方式过分介入农村基层治理,避免农村基层成为失去政治动能和自我调节功能的被动治理对象,通过不断完善自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系,将法治的刚性、德治的柔性和自治的韧性有机结合,持续增强广大农民群众参与乡村振兴的主体性、主动性和创造性,持续增强农村基层干部的政治效能感,真正实现乡村社会既充满活力又安定有序的生动局面。 刚刚闭幕的中央农村工作会议指出,全面推进乡村振兴是新时代建设农业强国的重要任务。做好当前和今后一个时期的“三农”工作,要以系统观念认识和处理乡村发展、建设、治理中的重要问题,始终坚持以人民为中心,切实维护好广大农民的根本利益,在实现第二个百年奋斗目标的新征程上,奋力书写全面推进乡村振兴的新篇章。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |